C program to multiply two matrices has been shown here. Matrix $[A]_{m \times n}$ can be multiplied with matrix $[B]_{p \times q}$, iff $n = p$ i.e. the number of columns of the first matrix should to be equal to the number of rows in the second matrix. The order of the resultant matrix $C$ would be $m \times q$.
Algorithm, pseudocode and time complexity of the program have also been shown below.
1. Algorithm for matrix multiplication
1. Take two matrice $A_{m\times n}$ and $B_{p\times q}$ as input.
2. Declare another matrix $C_{m\times q}$ and initailize it with 0.
3. Check if $n = p$
4. If step [3] is false then display "Matrices can not be multiplied!" and go to step [8]
5. If step [3] is true, then
6. Repeat for each $i \in [0, m - 1]$
6.1. Repeat for each $j \in [0, q - 1]$
6.1.1. Repeat for each $k \in [0, p - 1]$
6.1.1.1. Perform $C[i][j] = C[i][j] + A[i][k] * B[k][j]$
7. Display $C_{m\times q}$ as the resultant matrix.
8. Exit program.
2. Pseudocode for matrix multiplication
Input: Two matrices $A_{m\times n}$ and $B_{p\times q}$
Output: $A * B$
1. Procedure matrixMultiplication($A_{m\times n}$, $B_{p\times q}$):
2.
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11. End Procedure
3. Time Complexity for matrix multiplication
Time Complexity: O($n^3$)
Where $n$ is the row and column size of two matrices.
4. C Program for matrix multiplication
/**************************************** alphabetacoder.com C Program for Matrix Multiplication *****************************************/ #include <stdio.h> int main() { // declare variables int m, n, p, q, i, j, k; int A[10][10] = {0}, B[10][10] = {0}, C[10][10] = {0}; //take input of the order of first matrix printf("Enter the number of row and column of first matrix: "); scanf("%d%d", & m, & n); //take input of the first matrix printf("Enter the first matrix of order %d x %d =\n", m, n); for (i = 0; i < m; i++) for (j = 0; j < n; j++) scanf("%d", & A[i][j]); //take input of the order of second matrix printf("Enter the number of row and column of second matrix: "); scanf("%d%d", & p, & q); //take input of the second matrix printf("Enter the second matrix of order %d x %d =\n", p, q); for (i = 0; i < p; i++) for (j = 0; j < q; j++) scanf("%d", & B[i][j]); // check if number of columns in first matrix // is same as number of rows in second matrix. // If not, then matrices can not be multiplied if (n != p) printf("\nMatrices can not be multiplied!"); else { // do matrix multiplication for (i = 0; i < m; i++) { for (j = 0; j < q; j++) { for (k = 0; k < p; k++) C[i][j] += A[i][k] * B[k][j]; } } printf("The resultant matrix after multiplication:\n"); //display the result for (i = 0; i < m; i++) { for (j = 0; j < q; j++) { printf("%d ", C[i][j]); } //new line printf("\n"); } } return 0; }
Output
Case 1:
Enter the number of row and column of first matrix: 3 3
Enter the first matrix of order 3 x 3 =
1 3 4
5 6 1
0 5 2
Enter the number of row and column of second matrix: 3 2
Enter the second matrix of order 3 x 2 =
2 3
1 0
7 1
The resultant matrix after multiplication:
33 7
23 16
19 2
Case 2:
Enter the number of row and column of first matrix: 3 3
Enter the first matrix of order 3 x 3 =
3 5 7
4 5 9
0 1 1
Enter the number of row and column of second matrix: 2 3
Enter the second matrix of order 2 x 3 =
9 4 5
3 7 8
Matrices can not be multiplied!
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This code is a C program that performs matrix multiplication. Here's a step-by-step explanation of the code:
- The code begins with a comment section that provides some information about the program.
- The necessary header file, stdio.h, is included, which provides input/output functionality.
- The main() function is defined, which is the entry point of the program.
- Several variables are declared:
- Three matrices are declared:
- The program prompts the user to enter the number of rows and columns of the first matrix.
- The program then prompts the user to enter the elements of the first matrix using nested loops. The values are stored in the matrix A.
- The program prompts the user to enter the number of rows and columns of the second matrix.
- The program then prompts the user to enter the elements of the second matrix using nested loops. The values are stored in the matrix B.
- The program checks if the number of columns in the first matrix (n) is equal to the number of rows in the second matrix (p). If they are not equal, it displays a message that the matrices cannot be multiplied.
- If the matrices can be multiplied, the program performs matrix multiplication using nested loops:
- After the multiplication is done, the program displays the resultant matrix by iterating over its elements and printing them.
- The program ends with a return 0; statement, indicating successful execution. In summary, this program takes two matrices as input from the user, checks if they can be multiplied, performs matrix multiplication if possible, and displays the resultant matrix.